As autumn approaches, greenhouse gardening becomes an attractive option for extending the growing season. The controlled environment of a greenhouse allows a variety of crops to thrive even as outside temperatures drop. This article explores ten crops particularly suited for greenhouse cultivation in the fall, providing detailed insights into their growth requirements and benefits.
10 Best Crops to Grow in a Greenhouse in Fall
1. Lettuce
Lettuce is an excellent crop for cooler temperatures, typically thriving between 45°F and 75°F. It’s a fast grower, often ready for a first harvest within 30 days of planting. Lettuce prefers consistent moisture and light, requiring about 4-6 hours of sunlight daily, which can be supplemented with grow lights in a greenhouse. Its cut-and-come-again nature allows for multiple harvests from the same plant, making it an efficient use of space and resources in a fall greenhouse setting.
2. Spinach
Spinach is robust in cooler climates, with optimal growing temperatures ranging from 50°F to 60°F. It can germinate in temperatures as low as 35°F, making it ideal for early fall planting. Growth takes approximately 40 to 45 days, and the plant appreciates well-drained soil and partial to full sunlight. Spinach’s growth rate increases in a greenhouse, where temperatures and moisture levels can be effectively managed.
3. Kale
Kale is hardy and can survive in temperatures as low as 20°F, though it thrives best between 40°F and 65°F. It takes about 55 to 75 days to mature. Kale benefits from at least 6 hours of sunlight per day and well-drained, fertile soil. It is resilient against pests and diseases, especially in the controlled environment of a greenhouse. The taste of kale leaves improves with cooler temperatures, becoming sweeter after light frosts.
4. Swiss Chard
Swiss Chard prefers temperatures between 50°F and 75°F, ideal for a fall greenhouse. It takes around 55 to 60 days to reach maturity. This plant requires consistent moisture and about 5 hours of sunlight daily. Swiss Chard is forgiving of imperfect conditions and can be harvested leaf-by-leaf, providing a continuous yield throughout the season.
5. Broccoli
Broccoli grows best in temperatures between 65°F and 75°F. It requires 70 to 100 days to harvest from seed. Broccoli needs full sunlight (6 to 8 hours daily) and nutrient-rich, well-draining soil. Consistent watering is crucial for head formation. A greenhouse protects broccoli from extreme weather, ensuring steady growth and protection from pests.
6. Cauliflower
Cauliflower thrives in temperatures between 60°F and 70°F and requires 55 to 100 days to mature. Like broccoli, cauliflower needs full sun and moist, fertile soil. It’s sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can affect head development, so a greenhouse offers an ideal environment for stable growth.
7. Beets
Beets are adaptable and can grow in temperatures ranging from 50°F to 85°F. They typically take 50 to 70 days to mature. Beets need 4-6 hours of sunlight daily and soil that is loose, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. Regular watering is essential for uniform root development. The greenhouse environment aids in managing soil and moisture conditions for optimal growth.
8. Carrots
Carrots prefer cooler soil temperatures, around 55°F to 75°F, and take about 70 to 80 days to mature. They require deep, loose, well-drained soil and consistent moisture. Carrots need at least 6 hours of sunlight each day. A greenhouse helps in maintaining the right soil temperature and moisture levels, crucial for developing sweet, well-formed carrots.
9. Herbs (like parsley, cilantro)
Herbs such as parsley and cilantro thrive in cooler temperatures, around 50°F to 70°F. They generally need 6-8 weeks to mature. These herbs prefer at least 4 hours of sunlight daily and well-drained soil. In a greenhouse, you can control temperature and moisture, reducing the risk of bolting (going to seed early), a common issue with cilantro in varying outdoor conditions.
10. Peas
Peas do well in temperatures between 45°F and 70°F and require about 60 to 70 days to mature. They need at least 4-5 hours of sunlight and well-drained, fertile soil. In a greenhouse, peas benefit from vertical space utilization with trellises, making them a space-efficient crop.
Tips for Greenhouse Growing in the Fall
Temperature Control
Maintaining the right temperature is vital for the growth of these crops. A thermometer is essential for monitoring, and heating or ventilation adjustments might be necessary to keep within the ideal range for each crop.
Lighting
In regions with limited fall sunlight, supplementing with grow lights helps ensure plants receive the necessary light for photosynthesis and growth.
Ventilation
Good air circulation is crucial for preventing fungal diseases and maintaining a healthy growing environment. This can be achieved with vents or fans.
Soil Management
Use quality soil and consider pots or raised beds for better control over soil conditions. This is especially important for root crops, which require loose, well-draining soil.
Cleaning Your Greenhouse
A clean greenhouse is a healthy greenhouse. Remove plant debris, sanitize surfaces, and ensure good sanitary practices to prevent disease and pest infestations.
Adopting these practices will ensure your greenhouse remains a productive and rewarding space for growing a variety of crops throughout the fall season.
Jamie is the founder of The Backyard Pros. When he was 15 years old he started working at a garden centre helping people buy plants, gardening products, and lawn care products. He has real estate experience and he is a home owner. Jamie loves backyard projects, refinishing furniture, and enjoys sharing his knowledge online.